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Kawasaki Unmanned Cargo System Combines Aircraft with Mobile Wheeled Robot

Kawasaki Heavy Industries has successfully completed proof-of-concept (PoC) testing for an unmanned cargo transport system. The system combines Kawasaki’s K-Racer-X1 prototype unmanned vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft and what is commonly described in the industry as an autonomous mobile robot, and which the company describes as a “delivery robot”.

Kawasaki says the PoC testing was conducted with the aim of helping to solve societal issues such as labor shortages in the logistics industry.

In its Group Vision 2030, which describes the company’s future vision for 2030, Kawasaki specified three areas where it will focus its efforts:

  • A Safe and Secure Remotely-Connected Society
  • Near-Future Mobility
  • Energy and Environmental Solutions

 

In the area of “Near-Future Mobility”, the company has been pursuing development of unmanned VTOLs, delivery robots and so on.

Kawasaki’s latest unmanned VTOL adopts improvements to an aircraft flight-tested in 2020. It is able to transport a 100-kilogram payload and equipped with a delivery robot loading and unloading mechanism. For its power unit, the aircraft has a Ninja H2R motorcycle supercharged engine built by Kawasaki Motors.

The delivery robot used together with the unmanned VTOL is based on a delivery robot designed to achieve smooth, stable operations even on rough and bumpy roads, developed utilizing Kawasaki’s knowledge in robotics and technologies behind the off-road capabilities of its motorcycles and side-by-sides.

This delivery robot was modified to enable boarding onto an unmanned VTOL.

PoC testing simulated a continuous, interlinked sequence of unmanned delivery operations in which the delivery robot was loaded with cargo and automatically boarded the unmanned VTOL, followed by automated flight with the delivery robot onboard, and then landing, automatic delivery robot disembarkation and delivery of the cargo to the final destination.

Testing was carried out with the eventual future goal of delivery operations without any human-worker involvement.

Kawasaki’s unmanned VTOL is scheduled to be used in the Unmanned VTOL Cargo Transport Platform Development Project being carried out on commission from Ina City, Nagano Prefecture.

Responding to labor shortages in the logistics industry and other challenges faced by society, Kawasaki will make use of results and information gained from its latest PoC testing to realize a rapid cargo transport system that is not affected by road-traffic conditions or topographic features such as seas, mountains and rivers, and reliable logistics services to locations deep in the mountains or on remote islands.

In these ways, the company hopes to help society overcome its challenges.

Overview of proof-of-concept testing 

Some of the tasks completed as part of the proof-of-concept tests for the unmanned cargo system include:

  • Manual cargo loading: cargo is manually loaded by a human worker onto the delivery robot
  • Automated delivery robot boarding: the delivery robot automatically travels toward and approaches the waiting unmanned VTOL and boards
  • Automated take-off: the unmanned VTOL automatically takes off after the delivery robot has boarded
  • Automated flight: the unmanned VTOL automatically travels along a preset flight route to its destination
  • Automated landing: the unmanned VTOL automatically lands at a preset landing destination
  • Automated delivery robot disembarkation: after the unmanned VTOL has landed, the delivery robot automatically disembarks from the aircraft and travels to the cargo delivery destination
  • Manual cargo removal: once the delivery robot reaches the delivery destination, cargo is manually removed by a human worker

 

By combining the helicopter technology we have developed and the small high-power engine cultivated in motorcycles, we are developing with the goal of achieving a payload of 200 kg, which is difficult to achieve with unmanned aerial vehicles such as drones. In the future, we are trying to make it a power unit with a view to decarbonization.

As the first target for market launch, we are assuming mountaineering transportation, and in the mass production type, we will carry out technology demonstration step by step with the goal of transporting a payload of 200 kg at an altitude of 3,000 m. First of all, we plan to develop a transport-type demonstration machine “K-RACER-X1” that gives the existing aircraft a payload capacity of 100 kg in lowlands, and conduct a technical verification test with the aim of quickly incorporating the opinions of customers.

Next, we developed a new aircraft “K-RACER-X2” that can carry a payload of 100 kg at an altitude of 3,000 m by applying the technology and know-how acquired with the existing aircraft and “K-RACER-X1” in mountainous areas. We will carry out technology verification tests for transportation, which will lead to the development of mass-produced models with a payload of 200 kg.

We are currently developing it with a view to carrying out unmanned material transportation in collaboration with delivery robots in the future.

Specifications:
Rotor diameter 5m
Overall height 1.9m

Features:
1. Medium-capacity transportation-Payload 200kg enables efficient transportation
2. Stability-High flight stability for stable transportation
3. Long-time flight-Achieves a cruising range of about 100 km and can handle frequent transportation

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